- DNA fingerprinting.

- The chemical structure of everyone's DNA is the same.

- The only difference between people (or any animal)

is the order of the base pairs.

- There are so many millions of base pairs in each

person's DNA that every person has a different sequence.

-There are high diversity due to presence of non encoding

areas in the strand either in the genetic area

or outside it see here...

- Using these sequences, every person could

be identified by the sequence of their base pairs.

- Each person has a unique DNA fingerprint,

except monozygous (identical) twins.

- DNA fingerprint is the same for every cell,

tissue, and organ of a person. It cannot be

altered by any known treatment. Consequently,

DNA fingerprinting is rapidly becoming the primary

method for identifying and distinguishing among

individual human beings.

- These patterns do not, however, give an

individual "fingerprint," but they are able to

determine whether two DNA samples are from the

same person, related people, or non-related people.

Scientists use a small number of sequences of DNA

that are known to vary among individuals ,

and analyze those to get a certain probability of a matching.

------------------------------------------------

**Practical Applications of DNA Fingerprinting**

1. Paternity and Maternity :

when a father deny that a certain child is belonging

to him Or tow sets of parents claim on one child.

2. Criminal Identification and Forensics:

- In living (strong evidence of involvement

in assault,rape, disputed paternity)

as DNA isolated from blood,hair, skin cells,

or other genetic evidence left at the scene

of a crime can be compared with the

DNA of a criminal suspect .

- In Dead (DNA survives in bone for many years,

comparison of DNA with family members)

3. Personal Identification .

Enjoy it,see you,

Ibrahim