Sunday, January 23, 2011

- TNM Staging of Renal cell carcinoma (illustrated).

TNM Staging of Renal cell carcinoma.
Primary tumor (T):-

T0: No evidence of primary tumor
T1: Tumor 7 cm or less in the largest dimension, Tumor is confined to the kidney (i.e no penetration through the capsule).
T2: Tumor greater than 7 cm in the largest dimension, Tumor is confined to the kidney (i.e no penetration through the capsule).

T3a: Tumor penetrates through the kidney capsule into the surrounding fat or the adrenal gland, but not through Gerota's fascia. 


T3b: Tumor extends into renal vein(s) or vena cava below diaphragm.

T3c: Tumor extends into vena cava above diaphragm.

T4: Tumor invades beyond Gerota's fascia.



N - Regional lymph nodes
N0: No regional lymph node metastasis
N1: Metastasis in a single regional lymph node
N2: Metastasis in more than one regional lymph node


M - Distant metastasis
M0: No distant metastasis
M1: Distant metastasis 

Dr Ibrahim Samaha. 
Source of Pics:-UCLA Health System

1 comment:

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