- ACR Criteria for Diagnosis of SLE.

American college of Rheumatology (ACR) Criteria

for Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

"Sharp Domain"

1. Serositis:Pleuritis, pericarditis.
2. Hematologic disorder (hemolytic anemia OR Leukopenia less than 4,000 OR Lymphopenia less than 1500 or thrombocytopenia less than 100,000).
3. Arthritis:-(nonerosive, involving 2 or more joints).
4. Renal disorder:-(persistent proteinuria > 0.5 grams per day OR cellular CASTS).
5. Photosensitivity:- Rash on exposure to sun light.
   
   

- Skin manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Skin manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

"Dr Palm"

• Discoid rash.
• Raynaud's phenomenon: observed at distal digital tips.

• Photosensitivity, Purpuric lesion, Pre-ungual erythema.
• Alopecia:commonly affect the temporal regions.
• Lichen plannus like, Livedo reticularis, leucoderma.
• Malar rash.

Dr Ibrahim

-Sjögren's syndrome.

Sjögren's syndrome

(Sicca syndrome.)

*Def:-

It is chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands(1)that produce tears and saliva.

*synonymes:-

• Mikulicz disease.
• Sicca syndrome.

*It is named after Swedish ophthalmologist Henrik Sjögren(2)(1899–1986) who first described it.

*Pathology:-

It is characterized by unusual infiltration of these glands that are responsible for fluid production by lymphocytes, thus causing decreased saliva (dry mouth), decreased tear production (dry eyes), and drying of other mucous membranes.

-Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

Allergic purpura
Anaphylactoid purpura
(Henoch-Schonlein purpura)

(Purpura on the right lower leg of a child)

-Def:- is an allergic disorder in which the allergic reaction occur in the
wall of blood vessels in "JARS"

• Joints
• Abdomen(GIT)
• Renal(kidney)
• SKIN

-Aetiology:- (Antigen)
1-Infection.
2-Food or drug allergy.
3-Insect bite.

-Symptoms:-

• Purpura, arthritis and abdominal pain are known as the classic triad of Henoch–Schönlein purpura (1).
• Bluish purple bruises (purpura)— most often on Joints .
• Swollen, achy joints.
  fever.
• Bleeding in the digestive tract may cause abdominal pain.
• Hematuria may develop.
• Bleeding in the kidneys may cause kidney damage.

The diagnosis is based on the symptoms.

Prognosis:- Most people recover completely within a month, but symptoms may recur several times.

Return to other triads here.

-References:-
(1) Kraft DM, Mckee D, Scott C (1998)"Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a review" Am Fam Physician 58 (2): 405–8, 411. PMID 9713395.

- Cells Of Immune response

Cells Of Immune response are classified Into five classes according to
A- Presence of specific structures on their surface.
B- Their Functions.
 
The cells Of Immune response are:-

1- B lymphocytes.
2- T lymphocytes.
3- Accessory cells :

• Macrophages
• Dendritic cells
• Polymorphnuclear cells

4- Killer cells :

• Natural killer cells ( Nk cells )
• Killer cells ( K cells )

5- Mast cells

Dr Ibrahim