- Eye signs of thyrotoxicosis.

Eye signs of thyrotoxicosis.

"DR Joffroy may validate symptoms"

• Dalrymple sign:- rim of sclera is seen all around the cornea, on looking straight forward.
• Rosenbach's sign:- fine tremor of the upper eyelids on slight closure of the eye.
• Joffroy's sign:-lack of wrinkling of the forehead when a patient looks upward.
• Moebius sign:- lack of convergence on looking to near object.
• Von Graefe's sign (lid lag sign):-lagging of the upper eyelid on looking downward without movinh the head.
• Stellwag's sign:-staring look with infrequent blinking.

Dr Ibrahim,,

- Complications of reflux oesophagitis.

Complications of reflux oesophagitis.

"USA-IBM"

Peptic Ulcer.

Short esophagus due to spasm of longitudinal muscles.
Stricture of esophagusdue due to spasm of longitudinal muscles.

Aneamia.


Inhalation pneumonia from recurrent reflux.

Bleeding.
Barretts oesophagus.

Monilial invasion with further mucosal damage.
Malignancy.

Dr Ibrahim

- Causes of acute oesophagitis.

Causes of acute oesophagitis.

"birds"

• Burn (corrosive)
• Infective(candidiasis,herpes virus)
• Radiation
• Drug induced (NSAIDs)
• Specific diseases e.g. behcets syndrome.

Dr Ibrahim

- Carpal tunnel syndrome.

Carpal tunnel syndrome 

*Def:- is a medical condition in which the median nerve is compressed inside the flexor retinaculum leading to paresthesias, numbness and muscle weakness in the hand.

*Causes:-

Due to fibrosis,fluid accumulation,soft tissue or bone hypertrophy which my be due to:-

"MEDIAN TRAP"(1)

Myxoedema
Edema
Diabetes mellitus,Drugs(e.g Oral contraceptive pills)
Idiopathic
Acromegaly
Neoplasm 

Trauma,Typists(Occuptional).
Rheumatoid arthritis
Amyloidosis
Pregnancy