Prevention of Genetic Disorders

Prevention is by 4 ways:

1. Genetic councelling (click here).

2. Carrier detection.

3. Prenatal diagnosis.

4.Neonatal screening.

-Mendel’s principles of inheritance.

 

Mendel’s principles of inheritance: U.S.A

Law of dominance "uniformity"	Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive; an organism with at least one dominant allele will display the effect of the dominant allele.
Law of segregation	During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele (heterozygous) for each gene.
Law of independent assortment	Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. In reality, this is not always true, as genes that are close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together, i.e. they are 'linked’.

- histamine releasers.

 drugs causing histamine release

(histamine releasers)

"Moon Try To Do Rays"

Morphine

Trimetaphan

Tubocurarine

Deferoxamine

Radiocontrast media.

 Dr Ibrahim samaha

Anti pseudomonal antibiotics mnemonics.

Anti pseudomonal antibiotics mnemonics.

Pig cam

Piperacillin/TazObactam

Imipenem

Gentamicin

Ciprofloxacin/Cefepime/Ceftazidim

Azteronam

Meropnem

Varicocele grading.

 

Clinical and ultrasonography grading of varicocele

Varicocele grading is done to provide a standardization in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the disease.

Varicocele staging (grade) is done in two main ways:

1.     Grading system made clinically, namely by examination.

2.     Grading with scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography.

Clinical Grading of varicocele

Grade	Description
Grade 0	Seen on ultrasound, but not physically detectable (also called “subclinical varicocele”)
Grade I	Palpable (felt on exam) when the patient is performing the valsalva maneuver (“bearing down”)
Grade II	Palpable even without valsalva
Grade III	Varicocele causing visible deformity of the scrotum.