usually congenital anomalies appear together
to give a syndrome.
1-congenital ptosis:-
cause: failure of development of levator palpebrea
superioris muscle.
- It may be simple( alone).
- It may be associated eith other lid deformities or
congenital opthalmoplegia.
- it is usually bilateral & hereditary.
2- Epicanthus:
- is a semilunar skin fold at the side of the nose
covering the medial canthus & the caruncle leading
to false convergent squint.
3- Telecanthus:
increased distance () two medial canthi.
4-Blepharo-phimosis: -Diminution of the horizontal width of the palpebral fissure from 25-30 mm (normal) to 18-22mm without pathologic changes in the eyelids. - It is rare & usually asscociated in Blepharo-phimosis syndrome. 5-Blepharo-phimosis syndrome: presence of congenital ptosis,Epicanthus, elecanthus & Blepharo-phimosis with each other.
6- Congenital trichiasis ( distichiasis)
- rare condition.
- In which abnormal extra raw of lashes replacing white line.
7- Congenital entropion:
- rare with micropthalmos.
8- Congenital ectropion:
- rare with Blepharo-phimosis syndrome.
9- coloboma of the eye lids:
- It is triangular , quadrilateral or
irregular shaped defect of the lid margin.
10- Epiblepharon:
-horizontal redundant medial fold of skin of the
eye lid inducing vertical orientation of the cilia.
-Epiblepharon may co exist with entropion.
-It usually imrpoves by age as the eyelid skin stretches.
