- Basic bony surface anatomy of the knee.

Basic bony surface anatomy of the knee.

- Arterial line placement.

Arterial line placement.

An intra-arterial catheter (A-line) is a very small plastic tube (called catheter) placed in one of your blood vessels (an artery) by highly trained personnel. This is usually done during or before certain types of surgery or in the Intensive Care Unit.

To see how to undergo Arterial line see the following video from New Engeland Journal of Medicine.

you can see the video online on NEJM here or

Download it directly from here 

  or watch it now :D

- Mesothelioma Treatment Options.

Mesothelioma Treatment Options.

Dr. Michael Milano, consulting oncologist, discusses the various treatment options available to an asbestos cancer patient..

- What are the symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma?

What are the symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma?

Mary Hesdorffer, MS, APRN, nurse practitioner with the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation discusses the symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma.

- Anthony Atala on growing new organs.

Anthony Atala's state-of-the-art lab grows human organs -- from muscles to blood vessels to bladders, and more. He shows footage of his bio-engineers working with some of its sci-fi gizmos, including an oven-like bioreactor (preheat to 98.6 F) and a machine that "prints" human tissue.

What amazing!!

- Human Skin Histology.

-Human skin is considered the largest organ of the body and form  about 16% of the body weight (1) with a surface area somewhat less than 1.5 m² (2).
-The skin form the external surface of the human body.At the orifices of the mouth,nose and the anal canal, the skin join the mucous membrane at the muco-cutaneous junction (3).

-Types of human skin (1):-

1. Thick skin (Non-Hairy) which has thick epidermis and found only in the palms and soles as they are the most sites subjected to abrasions and trauma and thick skin shows characteristic parallel ridges and grooves which are called "Finger prints".
2. Thin skin (Hairy) which has thin epidermis and covers the rest of the body.
   

-Histological structure of the skin :-

skin is composed of 3 layers

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Hypodermis (Subcutaneous fatty layer) 

1- Epidermis:-

• It is the outer superficial epithelial layer of skin.
• It is composed of Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.
• The thickness of the epidermis varies in different types of skin. It is the thinnest on the eyelids and the thickest on the palms(0.8mm) and soles(1.4mm).
• The epidermis is ectodermal in origin.
  
• The epidermis is devoid of blood vessels and gets its nutrition through diffusion.
  
  
  

- What are the symptoms of pleural mesothelioma?

What are the symptoms of pleural mesothelioma?

Mary Hesdorffer, MS, APRN, nurse practitioner with the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation discusses symptoms of pleural mesothelioma.

- What does a pleural mesothelioma diagnosis mean?

What does a pleural mesothelioma diagnosis mean?

Mary Hesdorffer, MS, APRN, nurse practitioner at the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation talks about the importance of consulting with a pleural mesothelioma expert when discussing a diagnosis.

- What is mesothelioma?

What is mesothelioma?

Mary Hesdorffer, MS, APRN, nurse practitioner at the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation explains mesothelioma.

- Aerosol Arabic - Free Gaza.

The latest mural from Mohammed Ali

(aka Aerosol Arabic)

is a public graffiti mural for the people of Gaza

in the streets of Birmingham, England on

January 4th 2009.

watch the video..

Mohammed Ali (AerosolArabic) on CNN...

- Stapedectomy.

**Stapedectomy**

-Def :-

is a surgical procedure of the middle ear

performed to improve hearing.

-Indications:-

• Conductive deafness due to fixation of stapes (Otosclerosis)
  
• Air bone gap of at least 40 dB.
  

-Contraindications:-

• Poor general condition of the patient.
• Only hearing ear.
• Poor cochlear reserve as shown by poor speech discrimination scores.
• Patient with tinnitus and vertigo.
• Presence of active otosclerotic foci (otospongiosis) as evidenced by a positive flemmingo sign.
• Conductive deafness due to Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS).
  

- Complications of stapedectomy:-

• Facial palsy.
• Vertigo.
• Vomiting.
• Floating foot plate.
• Tympanic membrane tear
• Dead labyrinth
• Labyrinthitis.
  

-surgery:-

*Preoperative:-

The patient will have a hearing test just prior

to or during admission to the hospital.

*The day of surgery:(technique):

Surgery can be done under local ansesthesia or

general anesthesia.

We prefer to use general anesthesia, i.e. the patient

is asleep during the operative procedure.

During the operative procedure the eardrum is gently lifted,

the diseased and fixed stapes is removed.

Next, a prosthesis is put in place.

The eardrum is gently put back into place and held

there by absorbable packing ointment.

*Postoperative:-

After awakening from anesthesia, the patient is

returned to his room and is usually discharged

the next morning. During this immediate post-operative

period, it is important NOT to blow the nose and

not to get the ear wet until the ear has completely healed.

This video is an Stapedectomy by Dr. Bliouras Konstantinos.

enjoy, see you...

- Gastric Lavage.

- Gastric lavage:- also commonly called Stomach wash or Gastric suction, is the process of cleaning out the contents of the stomach. It has been used for eliminating poisons from the stomach.

- Indications:-

1. With patient has ingested a potentially life-threatening amount of a poison and the procedure can be undertaken within 60 minutes of ingestion.
2. Cleaning the stomach before an upper endoscopy in someone who has been vomiting blood.
3. Collecting stomach acid for tests.
4. Relieving pressure in someone with a blockage in the intestines.

- Contraindications :-

1. Loss of airway protective reflexes, such as in a patient with a depressed state of consciousness.
2. Ingestion of a corrosive substance such as a strong acid or alkali.
3. Ingestion of a hydrocarbon with high aspiration potential.
4. Patients who are at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation due to pathology, recent surgery, or other medical condition, that could be further compromised by the use of gastric lavage.

- Complications:-

• Aspiration pneumonia.
• Laryngospasm.
• Hypoxia and hypercapnia.
• Mechanical injury to the throat, esophagus, and stomach.
• Fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
• Struggling patients may be at greater risk of complications

- Technique:-

1. Gastric lavage involves the passage of a tube via the mouth or nose down into the stomach, followed by sequential administration and removal of small volumes of liquid.
2. The placement of the tube in the stomach must be confirmed either by air insufflation while listening to the stomach, by pH testing a small amount of aspirated stomach contents, or x-ray. This is to ensure the tube is not in the lungs.
3. Lavage is repeated until the returning fluid shows no further gastric contents.
4.  If the patient is unconscious or cannot protect their airway then the patient should be intubated before performing lavage.

- Finally there are two videos which learn you how to perform gastric lavage...

1- video: Nasogastric Intubation from New England Journal of Medicine..

Watch the video online.

Download - Windows Media version.

2- video: see this video...

Dr Ibrahim

- DNA strucure and terminology.

Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of cells. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.

see the picture which illustrate that also show the true genetic content & non genetic areas....

Promoters: are DNA sequences adjacent to the beginning of the genes and control gene activation.

 

Introns are sequences inside the gene although they do not code for protein sequence they are necessary for correct coding.

 

Exons are the regions inside the gene between introns that contain the coding DNA sequences. 

 

Most of the harmful mutations occur in exons and as a consequence change the structure of the coded protein.

 

- last breath.

Please play the video then read

**last breath**

From those around I hear a cry
A muffled sob, a hopeless sigh,
I hear their footsteps leaving slow,
And then I know my soul must Fly!

A chilly wind begins to blow,
Within my soul, from Head to toe
And then, Last Breath escapes my lips,
It’s time to leave. And I must Go!

So, it is True (But It’s too late)
They said: Each soul has its Given Date,
When it must leave its body’s core,
And meet with its Eternal Fate>

On mark the words that I do say,
Who knows? Tomorrow could be your day,
At last, it comes to Heaven or Hell
Decide which now, Do NOT delay!
Come on my brothers lets pray
Decide which now do not delay….

Oh God! Oh God! I cannot see!
My eyes are blind! Am I still me?!!
Or has my soul been led astray,
And forced to pay a Priceless fee?!
Alas to Dust we all return,
Some shall rejoice, while others burn,
If only I knew that before
The line grew short, and came my Turn!

And now, as beneath the sod
They lay me (with my record flawed),
They cry, not knowing I cry worse,
For, they go home, I face my God!
Oh mark the words that I do say,
Who knows? Tomorrow could be your day,
At last, it comes to Heaven or Hell
Decide which now, Do NOT delay!
Come on my brothers lets pray
Decide which now do not delay….

- Forgive me.

Please play the video then read......

*Forgive me*

Today, upon a bus,
I saw a girl with golden hair.
and wished I was as fair.
When suddenly she rose to leave,
I saw her hobble down the aisle.
She had one leg and wore a crutch.
But as she passed, she smile.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I have 2 legs, the world is mine.
With feet to take me where I'd go.
With eyes to see the sunset's glow.
With ears to hear what I'd know.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I've been blessed indeed, the world is mine
I stopped to buy to buy some candy.
The lad who sold it had such charm.
I talked with him, he seemed so glad.
If I were late, it'd do no harm.
And as I left, he said to me,
"I thank you, you've been so kind.
You see," he said, "I'm blind."
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I have 2 eyes, the world is mine.
With feet to take me where I'd go.
With eyes to see the sunset's glow.
With ears to hear what I'd know.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I've been blessed indeed, the world is mine
I saw a child with eyes of blue.
He stood and watched the others play.
He did not know what to do.
I stopped a moment and then I said,
"Why don't you join the others, dear?"
He looked ahead without a word.
And then I knew, he couldn't hear.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I have 2 ears, the world is mine.
With feet to take me where I'd go.
With eyes to see the sunset's glow.
With ears to hear what I'd know.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I've been blessed indeed, the world is mine.