- Eye signs of thyrotoxicosis.

Eye signs of thyrotoxicosis.

"DR Joffroy may validate symptoms"

• Dalrymple sign:- rim of sclera is seen all around the cornea, on looking straight forward.
• Rosenbach's sign:- fine tremor of the upper eyelids on slight closure of the eye.
• Joffroy's sign:-lack of wrinkling of the forehead when a patient looks upward.
• Moebius sign:- lack of convergence on looking to near object.
• Von Graefe's sign (lid lag sign):-lagging of the upper eyelid on looking downward without movinh the head.
• Stellwag's sign:-staring look with infrequent blinking.

Dr Ibrahim,,

- Classification of Graves' eye disease.

Classification of Graves' eye disease. 

"NO SPECS"

• Class 0: No signs or symptoms.
• Class 1: Only signs (limited to upper lid retraction and stare, with or without lid lag).
• Class 2: Soft tissue involvement (oedema of conjunctivae and lids, conjunctival injection, etc.).
• Class 3: Proptosis.
• Class 4: Extraocular muscle involvement.
• Class 5: Corneal involvement.
• Class 6: Sight loss (due to optic nerve involvement).

Enjoy,,

Dr Ibrahim

- Source:-

• Werner SC. Modification of the classification of the eye changes of Graves' disease: recommendations of the Ad Hoc Committee of the American Thyroid Association. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977;44: 203-4.

- Local causes of complicated cataract.

Local causes of complicated cataract.

"Rigid"

• long standing Retinal detachment
• Inflammatory conditions:- chronic iridocyclitis,chorioretinitis
• Glaucoma.
• Intraocular tumors
• Degenerative conditions:- retnitis pigmentosa, degenerative myopia. 
local Drugs:- corticosteroids, pilocarpine, adrenaline eye drops.

Mechanism:-

• Interference with lens metabolism.
• The posterior cortex is affected early,as the posterior capsule is thin and devoid of sub capsular epithelium.

Enjoy,,,

Dr Ibrahim

- Structures of angle of Anterior chamber.

Structures of angle of Anterior chamber.

"I Can See Till Schwalbe's Line"

• Iris root.
• Cilliary Body.
• Scleral spur.
• Trabecular Meshwork.
• Schwalbe's Line.

These Structures are seen by gonioscopy.

Enjoy,,,

Dr Ibrahim