Gene switch on/off
˗ Each cell expresses (turns on) only a fraction of its genes. The rest of the genes are repressed (turned off).
˗ The process of turning genes on and off is known as gene regulation.
˗ Gene regulation is an important part of normal development.
˗ Genes are turned on and off in different patterns during development to make a brain cell look and act different from a liver cell or a muscle cell, for example.
˗ Gene regulation can occur at any point during gene expression, but most commonly occurs at the level of transcription (when the information in a gene’s DNA is transferred to mRNA).
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