-Mendel’s principles of inheritance.

 

Mendel’s principles of inheritance: U.S.A

Law of dominance "uniformity"	Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive; an organism with at least one dominant allele will display the effect of the dominant allele.
Law of segregation	During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele (heterozygous) for each gene.
Law of independent assortment	Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. In reality, this is not always true, as genes that are close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together, i.e. they are 'linked’.

- histamine releasers.

 drugs causing histamine release

(histamine releasers)

"Moon Try To Do Rays"

Morphine

Trimetaphan

Tubocurarine

Deferoxamine

Radiocontrast media.

 Dr Ibrahim samaha

Anti pseudomonal antibiotics mnemonics.

Anti pseudomonal antibiotics mnemonics.

Pig cam

Piperacillin/TazObactam

Imipenem

Gentamicin

Ciprofloxacin/Cefepime/Ceftazidim

Azteronam

Meropnem

Varicocele grading.

 

Clinical and ultrasonography grading of varicocele

Varicocele grading is done to provide a standardization in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the disease.

Varicocele staging (grade) is done in two main ways:

1.     Grading system made clinically, namely by examination.

2.     Grading with scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography.

Clinical Grading of varicocele

Grade	Description
Grade 0	Seen on ultrasound, but not physically detectable (also called “subclinical varicocele”)
Grade I	Palpable (felt on exam) when the patient is performing the valsalva maneuver (“bearing down”)
Grade II	Palpable even without valsalva
Grade III	Varicocele causing visible deformity of the scrotum.

Modified Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading of angina pectoris.

Modified Canadian Cardiovascular Society

grading of angina pectoris

Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading of angina pectoris contain only 4 grades and Class 0 is not an official part of the CCS functional classification of angina pectoris, however it has been mentioned in several sources, referring to myocardial ischemia without symptoms.

Grade 0	Asymptomatic Angina	Mild myocardial ischemia with no symptoms.
Grade I	Angina only with strenuous exertion	Angina with strenuous or rapid or prolonged exertion at work or recreation (Ordinary physical activity does not cause angina, such as walking and climbing stairs).
Grade II	Angina with moderate exertion	Slight limitation of ordinary activities when they are performed rapidly, after meals, in cold, in wind, under emotional stress, during the first few hours after waking up, but also walking uphill, climbing more than one flight of ordinary stairs at a normal pace and in normal conditions.
Grade III	Angina with mild exertion	Having difficulties walking one or two blocks or climbing one flight of stairs at normal pace and conditions.
Grade IV	Angina at rest	No exertion needed to trigger angina.

 Dr Ibrahim

Return to list of medical grades (click here)