-Local Complications of pneumonia.

Local Complications of pneumonia
"Idea"

Incomplete resolution and followed by bronchiectasis later on.
Delayed resolution.
Pleural Effusion,Empyema.
Lung Abscess,ARDS and respiratory failure.

Dr Ibrahim

- Wagner Grading System for Diabetic Foot Infections.

Wagner Grading System for Diabetic Foot Infections

• Grade 0 :- Intact Skin,but high risky foot.
• Grade 1 :- Superficial ulcer of skin or subcutaneous tissue.
• Grade 2 :- Deep Ulcers but no abscess nor bone involvement.
• Grade 3 :- Deep ulcer with osteomyelitis, or abscess.
• Grade 4 : -Gangrene of toes,heel or forefoot (localized).
• Grade 5 :- Gangrene of whole foot.

 Dr Ibrahim
Return to list of medical grades (click here) 

-Physiological loss of abdominal superficial reflexes.

Physiological Causes of loss of abdominal superficial reflexes:-

"Foams"

Faulty techniques.
Obesity.
Attentive patient,Ascites.
Multiparous.
Scar.

Dr Ibrahim Samaha

-Variants(Types)of Scleroderma.

Variants(Types)of Scleroderma.

"Sold"

A)Systemic sclerosis without Scleroderma:-
i.e internal organ involvement without cutaneous scleroderma.
B)Overlap syndrome:-
scleroderma associated with other autoimmune disease.
C)localized scleroderma:-
scleroderma without internal organ involvement.
Charachterized by Morphoea which are local patches of scleroderma.
D)Limited scleroderma(CREST Syndrome):-
There is minimal visceral involvement, positive anticentromere antibodies and good prognosis.
Skin hardening is limited to face,feet and fingers.
(Calcinosis,Raynaud's phenomenon,Esophageal dysfunction,Sclerodactly,Telangectasia.)
E)Diffuse scleroderma:-
Diffuse thickening of trunk,proximal and distal limbs with internal organ development and damage so it is life threatening.

Dr Ibrahim

-Drugs causing intrahepatic Cholestasis.

Drugs causing intrahepatic Cholestasis

"Cheap"

Contraceptive pills,Chlorpromazine.
Hypoglycemic drugs.
Erythromycin.
Anti-thyroid drugs,Anti-coagulants,Anabolic steroids.
PAS.

Dr Ibrahim