-Brown-Séquard syndrome.

Brown-Séquard syndrome.
(Hemisection of spinal cord.)

*Aetiology:-
lesion in one side of the spinal cord as:-

• Stab wound.
• Disc prolapse.
• D.S.
• Tumor.
  
  

- Horner's syndrome.

Horner's syndrome

*Def:-

It is a clinical syndrome caused by damage to the sympathetic nerve supply to head and neck.

*synonymes:-

• Bernard-Horner syndrome
• oculosympathetic palsy.

*Causes:-

Due to lesion or compression of one side of the cervical or thoracic sympathetic chain which generates symptoms on the ipsilateral (same side as lesion) side of the body:-

-Toxic Causes of respiratory Failure.

Toxic Causes of respiratory Failure

1-Central:-

• Alcohol
• Barbiturate
• Opiate

2-Peripheral:-

A-Airway obstruction:-

• Falling back of the tongue.
• Vomitus.
• Excessive Secretions e.g Organophosphurus,carbamate.
• Oedema of the air way e.g Irritant fumes,Chlorine gas.
• Laryngeal spasm (Cyanide).
• Pneumonia(Hydrocarbon aspiration).
• Bronchospasm(Organophosphurus).
• Pulmonray
• oedema(Organo-phosphurus).

b-Paralysis of respiratory muscles:-

• Botulinum toxins.
• Snake bite.
• post-convulsion muscle exhaust.
• Organophosphurus.

C-Neuromuscular blocker:-

Physostigmine,Neostigmine.

Dr Ibrahim

- Medical treatment of hydrocephalus.

Medical treatment of hydrocephalus

*Aim:-

Medical treatment is used to delay surgical intervention.

*Medical treatment is not effective in long-term treatment of chronic hydrocephalus. It may induce metabolic consequences and thus should be used only as a temporizing measure.

*Lines of TTT:- "Fair"

• Furosemide:1mg/kg/day.(Decreasing CSF secretion).
• Acetazolamide 5mg/kg/day.(Decreasing CSF secretion).
• Isosorbide (Increasing CSF reabsorption).
• Restriction of water and salts.

Dr Ibrahim

- Skull causes of macrocephaly.

Skull causes of Macrocephaly.

"Oscar"

Osteogenesis imperfecta.
Secondaries especially neuroblastoma.
Chronic hemolytic anemia.
Achondroplasia.
Rickets.

Dr Ibrahim