-Vircow's triad.

Vircow's triad is the aetiology of thrombosis which is composed of :-

1-Damage of vascular endothelium(Vascular trauma):-
this damage expose the endothelial collagen which is rough surface to which platelets can stick firmly and release thromboxane A2 that help more platelet aggregation.

2-Slowing(Reduced)in the blood flow (stasis):-
these changes help thrombosis by allowing the platelets to deviate from the axial stream and cross the peripheral plasmatic zone to stick to the vascular endothelium.

3-Change in blood composition(Increased coagulability ):-
a-Increase number of blood elements.
-Increase platelets so become more sticky and agglutinate in small masses and adhere to vascular endothelium.
-Increase WBCs and RBCs increase viscosity of blood and stasis.
b-Biochemical changes that cause systemic activation of the cloting system.

"VIR chow"

Vascular trauma
Increased coagulability
Reduced blood flow (stasis)

Dr Ibrahim

Return to other triads here.

-Types of laxatives.

Types of laxatives

"Boss"

Bulk laxatives.
Osmotic laxatives.
Stimulant(irritant)laxatives.
Stool Softeners.

Or "Bios"

Bulk laxatives.
irritant(Stimulant)laxatives.
Osmotic laxatives.
Stool Softeners.

Dr Ibrahim

-Poisoning severity grading.

Poisoning severity grading

Grade 0(none):no symptoms or signs or vague symptoms not related to the poison.

Grade 1(Minor):Mild,transient and spontanously resolving symptoms.

Grade 2(Moderate):pronounced or prolonged symptoms.

Grade 3(sever): sever or life threatening symptoms.

Dr Ibrahim

Return to list of medical grades (click here) 

-Drugs causing constipation.

Drugs causing constipation

"Coma"

Calcium channel blockers.
Opioids.
Muscle relaxants.
Antacids,Anticholinergics,Abuse of laxatives.

Dr Ibrahim

-Treatment of urticaria.

Treatment of urticaria

"Scar"

Systemic steroids(sever cases resistant to treatment).
Soothing lotions locally.

Ca gluconate.

Adrenaline.
Antihistamines.

Removal of the cause.

Dr Ibrahim