- Air Borne parasitic infections.

Air Borne parasitic infections

"Net Cam"

Naegleria fowleri (Trophozoites).

Enterobius vermicularis (eggs).

Taenia solium (eggs),Toxoplasma gondii (Oocyst).

Cryptosporidium parvum (Oocyst).

Acanthamoeba castellanii (Trophozoites),Ascaris lumbricoides (eggs).

Microsporidia (spores).

Dr Ibrahim

- Laboratory acquired nematodal infections.

Laboratory acquired nematodal infection.

"Sheat"

Strongyloides stercoralis.

Hook worm.

Enterobius vermicularis.
Ascaris lumbricoides.
Trichocephalus trichiurus,Trichinella spiralis.

Dr Ibrahim

- Parasites transmitted through trans-mammary route.

Parasites transmitted through trans-mammary route

(International Breastfeeding Symbol)

"SAT"

Strongyloides stercoralis larvae.

Ancylostoma duodenale larvae.

Toxocara canis and cati  larvae.

Dr Ibrahim 

- Grades of splenomegaly.

Grades of splenomegaly.  

1. Grade I :- Spleen is palpable under the costal margin.
2. Grade II :- Spleen is palpable between the costal margin and umbilicus.
3. Grade III :- Spleen is palpable below the  umbilicus.

Dr Ibrahim

Return to list of medical grades (click here) 

- Metabolic syndrome (Syndrome X).

 Metabolic syndrome

-Def :- It is a combination of medical disorders that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes (1).

-Synonyms :-syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, Reaven's syndrome or dysmetabolic syndrome.

 

- How is the metabolic syndrome diagnosed or defined?
The metabolic syndrome be identified by presence of three or more of these components:

• Elevated waist /hip ratio (i.e Abdominal obesity).
• Elevated triglycerides:Equal to or greater than 150 mg/dL, or specific treatment for this
  lipid abnormality.
• Reduced HDL or specific treatment for this lipid abnormality.
• Elevated blood pressure or treatment of previously diagnosed hypertension.
• Elevated fasting glucose levels or previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

-Prevention:-  life style modification which is considered the first line of prevention.

• Increased physical activity e.g walking 30 minutes every day (2).
• Healthy, reduced calorie diet (3).

Return to list of medical syndromes here

*References:-
(1) MedlinePlus:Metabolic Syndrome.
(2)Lakka TA, Laaksonen DE (2007). "Physical activity in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome". Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme 32 (1): 76–88. doi:10.1139/h06-113.PMID 17332786.
(3)Feldeisen SE, Tucker KL (2007). "Nutritional strategies in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome". Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 32 (1):46–60. doi:10.1139/h06-101.PMID 17332784