- Pickwickian syndrome.

Pickwickian syndrome

-Def :- It is a condition in which severely overweight people fail to breathe rapidly enough or deeply enough, resulting in low blood oxygen levels and high blood carbon dioxide (CO2) levels.

-Synonyms:- Obesity hypoventilation syndrome(OHS).
-In 1836, Charles Dickens drew in his novel "The posthumous paper of the Pickwick Club" what would be, certainly, the best characterization of an obese subject with respiratory disorders(1).
 

- Breast feeding.

Breast feeding

(International Breastfeeding Symbol)

- Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from human breasts.

Advantages of Breast Feeding
( the breast is the best)

(1)For Infants:-

"Human breast milk is the healthiest form
of milk for human babies" (1) How?

*It is biochemically the most suitable for infant feeding at any stage (colostrum,transitional and mature milk).
*It contain various elements required for nutrition of infant.
*It is hypoallergic (2) and may reduce subsequent atopic diseases .
*Naturally stored at room temperature.
*Available whenever needed and automatically adjusted to infant needs.
*Anti infective properties how?
- It is naturally sterile as no preparation nor contamination.
- It contain various antimicrobial factors :-

- Oculo-cerebro-renal Syndrome.

Oculo-cerebro-renal Syndrome

-Def:- It is a X-linked recessive disorder of eye,cerebral cortex and renal tubules .

-Synonyms (1):-

• Lowe's oculocerebrorenal disease/syndrome.
• Lowe's disease/syndrome.
• Oculocerebrorenal dystrophy.

- The condition became known as "Lowe syndrome" named after Dr. Charles Lowe, the senior member of the group that described it.

-Clinical picture:-

- Light Wood-Albright syndrome.

Light Wood-Albright syndrome
Lightwood syndrome
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) (Type-2)
(Proximal RTA)

-Pathophsiology:-

it is caused by failure of the proximal tubular cells to reabsorb filtered bicarbonate from the urine, leading to urinary bicarbonate wasting and subsequent metabolic acidosis.

-Clinical picture:-

- Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome.

"Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome"

"cystinosis"

-Def:- it is an autosomal recessive disorder involving deposits of cystine crystals in lysosomes of liver,spleen,bone marrow,cornea, and renal tubules due to abnormal metabolism of cystine .

-Incidence :- 1 : 100,000- 1 :200,000.

-It is the most common cause of Fanconi syndrome in the pediatric age group.

-Clinical picture:-