- Vision.

- Vision: - is a complex sense composed of many elements including:-

Perception of image on retina.-

-Conduction of the image as nerve impulse to brain.

- Interpretation & recognition of the image by brain.

- Organ of Vision: - is the eye.

- Eye is formed of: -

-Eyeball which located inside the orbit.

-Extra ocular structures surrounding it

(eyelids – Conjunctiva - lacrimal apparatus - Extra ocular muscles)

N.B… nerve of vision is :-

optic nerve which is the second (2nd) cranial nerve.

N.B… Ocular muscles 2:-

1- Extra ocular muscles:-

-Levator Palpebrae Superioris.

-Four recti :-

• Lat. Rectus
• Med. Rectus.
• Sup. Rectus.
• Inf. Rectus.

- Inf. Oblique.

- Sup. Oblique

2- Intra ocular muscles:-

- ciliary muscle.

- Sphincter pupillae muscle.

- Dilator pupillae muscle.

- last breath.

Please play the video then read

**last breath**

From those around I hear a cry
A muffled sob, a hopeless sigh,
I hear their footsteps leaving slow,
And then I know my soul must Fly!

A chilly wind begins to blow,
Within my soul, from Head to toe
And then, Last Breath escapes my lips,
It’s time to leave. And I must Go!

So, it is True (But It’s too late)
They said: Each soul has its Given Date,
When it must leave its body’s core,
And meet with its Eternal Fate>

On mark the words that I do say,
Who knows? Tomorrow could be your day,
At last, it comes to Heaven or Hell
Decide which now, Do NOT delay!
Come on my brothers lets pray
Decide which now do not delay….

Oh God! Oh God! I cannot see!
My eyes are blind! Am I still me?!!
Or has my soul been led astray,
And forced to pay a Priceless fee?!
Alas to Dust we all return,
Some shall rejoice, while others burn,
If only I knew that before
The line grew short, and came my Turn!

And now, as beneath the sod
They lay me (with my record flawed),
They cry, not knowing I cry worse,
For, they go home, I face my God!
Oh mark the words that I do say,
Who knows? Tomorrow could be your day,
At last, it comes to Heaven or Hell
Decide which now, Do NOT delay!
Come on my brothers lets pray
Decide which now do not delay….

- Forgive me.

Please play the video then read......

*Forgive me*

Today, upon a bus,
I saw a girl with golden hair.
and wished I was as fair.
When suddenly she rose to leave,
I saw her hobble down the aisle.
She had one leg and wore a crutch.
But as she passed, she smile.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I have 2 legs, the world is mine.
With feet to take me where I'd go.
With eyes to see the sunset's glow.
With ears to hear what I'd know.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I've been blessed indeed, the world is mine
I stopped to buy to buy some candy.
The lad who sold it had such charm.
I talked with him, he seemed so glad.
If I were late, it'd do no harm.
And as I left, he said to me,
"I thank you, you've been so kind.
You see," he said, "I'm blind."
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I have 2 eyes, the world is mine.
With feet to take me where I'd go.
With eyes to see the sunset's glow.
With ears to hear what I'd know.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I've been blessed indeed, the world is mine
I saw a child with eyes of blue.
He stood and watched the others play.
He did not know what to do.
I stopped a moment and then I said,
"Why don't you join the others, dear?"
He looked ahead without a word.
And then I knew, he couldn't hear.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I have 2 ears, the world is mine.
With feet to take me where I'd go.
With eyes to see the sunset's glow.
With ears to hear what I'd know.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I've been blessed indeed, the world is mine.

- Dietary Protein.

Dietary Protein

Chemistery :-

Proteins are made of strings of amino acids that form chains known as peptides.
Proteins differ by the types and order of amino acids they contain. Even though there are only 20 amino acids, they create almost endless variations in chains as long as 500 links.

site of synthesis:-

Proteins form inside animals (including humans) and plants through processes that synthesize peptides. For humans, we cannot synthesize certain "essential protein," and so we must ingest them through food. These essential proteins are made of phenylalanine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and valine amino acids.

Functions pf proteins:-
Our bodies need dietary protein to accomplish many basic functions, such as:-
1- building bones.
2- moving muscles.
3- repairing tissue.
4- a catalyst in metabolism.
5- They're involved in the nervous system function.
6- bringing energy to cells.

Dietary protein, an essential nutrient, comes from meat, dairy, and certain grains and beans.

Food from plants, like corn, have incomplete protein, which means they do not contain all the necessary amino acids. Only food from animals, such as cheese and fish, provide complete protein, and don't need to be combined with other protein sources.

Examples of complete protein foods are :-

milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, poultry, pork, or any meat. Incomplete proteins include oats, wheat, pasta, lentils, nuts, rice, soy, pears, and seeds. Eating a combination of complementary protein sources, such as grains mixed with legumes, results in a diet of essential protein. This is how vegetarians and vegans maintain health without eating meat or dairy.

Dietary requirements:-
vary from 40-70 gm of protein per day.

Disturbances:-
1- Too much protein might deplete calcium,
2- while too little causes a form of malnutrition called kwashiorkor. Insufficient protein weakens the heart and other muscles, eventually leading to death.
3- Incidentally, proteins are responsible for most food allergies.

With my best wishes

Dr-hema

- what is ophthalmology?

The medicine and surgery of the eye and
its surrounding structures and its connections
to the brain, in order to maintain clear
, pain-free and useful vision
with an aesthetic attractive appearance.