Varicocele grading.

 

Clinical and ultrasonography grading of varicocele

Varicocele grading is done to provide a standardization in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the disease.

Varicocele staging (grade) is done in two main ways:

1.     Grading system made clinically, namely by examination.

2.     Grading with scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography.

Clinical Grading of varicocele

Grade	Description
Grade 0	Seen on ultrasound, but not physically detectable (also called “subclinical varicocele”)
Grade I	Palpable (felt on exam) when the patient is performing the valsalva maneuver (“bearing down”)
Grade II	Palpable even without valsalva
Grade III	Varicocele causing visible deformity of the scrotum.

- Criteria of hypersplenism.

Criteria of hypersplenism.

1. Splenomegally.
2. Cytopenias (mono or pan).
3. Hypercellular bone marrow.
4. Scanning with Cr51 labelled with RBCs>> reversed liver to spleen ratio.
5. Splenectomy will improve the condition.

(A huge spleen after splenectomy for female patient with hypersplenism)

Dr Ibrahim samaha

- Heel foreign body X-ray.

Heel foreign body X-ray.

A child presented to Mansoura Emergency Hospital by a needle in heel which not appear on the skin,An X-ray was made and shown this..

Dr Ibrahim samaha

- Arterial Doppler Examination.

Arterial Doppler Examination.

An Arterial Doppler evaluates the arterial blood flow of the body. It is used many times to evaluate the arteries of the legs.

It may be ordered when there is suspicion on exam or with symptoms suggestive of blockage of the arteries.

There is no radiation for this test as it uses sound waves and pressure cuffs.

This video shows how to interpret vascular arterial doppler signal wave-forms in a simple and informative fashion.

This is educational especially in teaching how to better utilise a simple hand-held Doppler.