- What are the symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma?

What are the symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma?

Mary Hesdorffer, MS, APRN, nurse practitioner with the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation discusses the symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma.

-Sites of esophageal constrictions.

Sites of esophageal constrictions are
collected in the word "Dial" at

Diaphragm (15 inches from incisor).
Inlet of the esophagus(6 inches from incisor).
Aortic arch crosses it(9 inches from incisor).
Left main bronchus crosses it (12 inches from incisor).

Importance :-

• During passage of insturments (gastroscope) along the esophagus.
• Lodging of swollen foreign bodies.

Dr Ibrahim

- Metabolic cuases of Impotence.

Metabolic cuases of Impotence (erectile dysfunction).

"Rash"

Renal Failure.
Alcoholism.
Sickle cell disease
Hoemochromatosis.
Hepatic failure.
Hyperglycemia (D.M).

Dr Ibrahim

- Kallmann syndrome.

 Kallmann syndrome

- Def :- It is a rare X-linked recessive genetic disease which characterized by delayed or absent puberty and an impaired sense of smell, also referred as olfactogenital dysplasia.

- Kallmann syndrome is a form of secondary hypogonadism, reflecting that the primary cause of the defect in sex-hormone production lies within the pituitary and hypothalamus rather than a physical defect of the testes or ovaries.

- Kallmann syndrome was described in 1944 by Franz Josef Kallmann, a German-American geneticist.(1)(2)

- Incidence:-

It affects primarily males at an incidence of 1 out of 10,000 in a study of French conscripts.(3)
The male-to-female ratio ranges from 4:1 to 5:1.

- Cause:-

Mutations in the KAL1, FGFR1, PROKR2, and PROK2 genes cause Kallmann syndrome.
These genes play a role in the development of certain areas of the brain before birth. Although some of their specific functions are unclear, these genes appear to be involved in the formation and movement (migration) of a group of nerve cells that are specialized to process smells (olfactory neurons).(4)

- Synonyms:-

• de Morsier’s syndrome II.
• Morsier-Gauthier syndrome.
• Kallmann-de Morsier syndrome.
• Maestre-Kallmann-de Morsier syndrome.
• Maestre de San Juan-Kallmann syndrome.
• Maestre de San Juan-Kallmann-de Morsier syndrome.
• anosmic hypogonadism.
• anosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
• hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia.
• hypogonadotropic hypogonadism-anosmia syndrome.