-Treatment of urticaria.

Treatment of urticaria

"Scar"

Systemic steroids(sever cases resistant to treatment).
Soothing lotions locally.

Ca gluconate.

Adrenaline.
Antihistamines.

Removal of the cause.

Dr Ibrahim

-Risk factors of cerebral infarction.

Risk factors of cerebral infarction

A)Non-modifiable risk factors:- "Maps"
Male gender.
African-American.
Age(Old age).
Positive family history.
Prior Stroke.

B)Modifiable risk factors by medical treatment:- "Third"
Transient ischemic attacks.
Heart diseases.
Increase Blood pressure(HTN).
Raised Hematocrite.
Diabetes Mellitus.

C)Modifiable risk factors by changing lifestyle:- "chops"
Cigarette smoking.
Hyperlipidemia.
Obesity.
Physical inactivity.
Stressful life.

Dr Ibrahim

-Predisposing factors of genital candidosis in female.

Predisposing factors of genital candidosis in female

"Charge"

Chemotherapeutics(Antibiotics or immunosuppressive drugs).
Hormonal effect(e.g steroids,contraceptive pills and pregnancy)
Severe Anaemia or other debilitating diseases.
Reinfection from an infected male.
Glucosuria(Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy).
Excessive humidity (wearing of nylon tights).

Dr Ibrahim

-Mechanical causes of Impotence.

Mechanical causes of Impotence
"Hope"

Huge bilateral hydrocele or inguinal hernia.
Morbid Obesity.
Penile carcinoma.
Peyrone's disease(fibrotic scar of tunica alibuginea surrounding corpora cavernosa resulting in curvature of penis in erection)
Elephantiasis of penis or scrotum.

Dr Ibrahim

- Metabolic cuases of Impotence.

Metabolic cuases of Impotence (erectile dysfunction).

"Rash"

Renal Failure.
Alcoholism.
Sickle cell disease
Hoemochromatosis.
Hepatic failure.
Hyperglycemia (D.M).

Dr Ibrahim

- Parasites affecting Heart.

Parasites affecting Heart

"Heart Team" 

Heterophyes heterophyes (Eggs)

Taenia solium (cysticercosis), 
Trichinella spiralis (Trichina capsule),
Trypanosoma cruzi (Leishmanial form),
Toxoplasma gondii (true tissue cyst).

Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatid cyst).
Acanthocheilonema perstans (Adult worm in the pericardium).
Mansonella ozzardi (Adult worm in the pericardium).

or  Arabic students can use the word "Hatem"

Dr Ibrahim

- Parasites affecting Spleen.

Parasites affecting Spleen

"Spleen"

Schistosoma species.

PLasmodia species.

LEishmania donovani.

EchiNococcus granulosus .

Dr Ibrahim

-Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

Allergic purpura
Anaphylactoid purpura
(Henoch-Schonlein purpura)

(Purpura on the right lower leg of a child)

-Def:- is an allergic disorder in which the allergic reaction occur in the
wall of blood vessels in "JARS"

• Joints
• Abdomen(GIT)
• Renal(kidney)
• SKIN

-Aetiology:- (Antigen)
1-Infection.
2-Food or drug allergy.
3-Insect bite.

-Symptoms:-

• Purpura, arthritis and abdominal pain are known as the classic triad of Henoch–Schönlein purpura (1).
• Bluish purple bruises (purpura)— most often on Joints .
• Swollen, achy joints.
  fever.
• Bleeding in the digestive tract may cause abdominal pain.
• Hematuria may develop.
• Bleeding in the kidneys may cause kidney damage.

The diagnosis is based on the symptoms.

Prognosis:- Most people recover completely within a month, but symptoms may recur several times.

Return to other triads here.

-References:-
(1) Kraft DM, Mckee D, Scott C (1998)"Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a review" Am Fam Physician 58 (2): 405–8, 411. PMID 9713395.

-High risk groups for HBV,HIV,HCV.

"HIP"

H

• Health care workers.
• Heterosexual with multiple parteners.
• Homosexual men.

I

• I.v drug users.
• Infants to +ve mothers(congenital).

P

• Patient receiving repeated blood transfusion.
• Patient undergoing renal dialysis.
• Patient undergoing organ transplantaion.

With my best wishes

- Vomiting: Non-GIt Causes.

"A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I"

A cute renal failure

B rain (increased ICP)

C ardiac (inferior MI)

D KA(Diabetic keto acidosis)

E ars (labyrinthitis)

F oreign substances (Tylenol, theo, etc.)

G laucoma

H yperemesis gravidarum

I nfections (pyelonephritis, meningitis)