- portal exit of the parasites from the body.

portal exit of the parasites from the body

1-faeces :-

-Eggs of most Helminthes.

-Larvae of most Helminthes.

-Segments of most Helminthes.

-Scolices and Adults of most Helminthes.

-Cysts & trophozoites of intestinal Protozoa.

-Coccidian oocysts.

2- blood:-

- Malaria.

- Trypanosomes.

- Babesia.

- leishmania.

- Toxoplasma gondii.

- microfilariae Of some filarial worms.

3- sputum:-

- eggs of lung flukes.

- Migrating larva stages of :-

• A.lumbricoides.
• Hookworms.
• S.stercoralis.

- Trophozoites Of:-

• Entamoeba gingvalis.
• Trichomonas tenax.
• Entamoeba histolytica.

- Hydatid sand.

- Oocyst of cryptosporidium parvum.

4- urine :-

- eggs Of

• Schistosoma heamatobium.
• Entrobius vermicularis(In female).

- Larva of S.stercoralis .

- Microfilaria of W.bancrofti.

- Trophozoites Of Trichomonas vaginalis.

-Hydatid sand.

- phthirus pubis (adult & nymph).

-larvae of

• Fannia .
• Musca.
• calliphora.
• Sarcophagi.

- Sarcopetes scabiei(adult).