Showing posts with label mnemonics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label mnemonics. Show all posts

Monday, March 14, 2016

- histamine releasers.

 drugs causing histamine release
(histamine releasers)

"Moon Try To Do Rays"

Morphine
Trimetaphan
Tubocurarine
Deferoxamine
Radiocontrast media.

 Dr Ibrahim samaha





Tuesday, August 23, 2011

- Eye signs of thyrotoxicosis.

Eye signs of thyrotoxicosis.
"DR Joffroy may validate symptoms"

  • Dalrymple sign:- rim of sclera is seen all around the cornea, on looking straight forward.
  • Rosenbach's sign:- fine tremor of the upper eyelids on slight closure of the eye.
  • Joffroy's sign:-lack of wrinkling of the forehead when a patient looks upward.
  • Moebius sign:- lack of convergence on looking to near object.
  • Von Graefe's sign (lid lag sign):-lagging of the upper eyelid on looking downward without movinh the head.
  • Stellwag's sign:-staring look with infrequent blinking.
Dr Ibrahim,,

Sunday, August 7, 2011

- Causes of gynecomastia.

Causes of gynecomastia.
Gynecomastia.
  • Genetic : klinefelter syndrome.
  • Young boy (puberty): due to transient increase of plasma estradiol.
  • Neonate: due to persistent maternal or placental lactogens.
  • Estrogen and estrogen like drugs (e.g. digitalis).
  • Cirrohosis,Cimetidine,Cytotoxic drugs.
  • Old age(due to conversion of androgen to estrogen in extra glandular tissue),Overactive thyroid (Hyperthyroidism)
  • Myxedema,Marijuana.
  • Acromrgally.
  • Spironolactone,Steroids.
  • Tumour (e.g. testis,adrenal,bronchogenic carcinoma).
  • INH,Iron deposition in testis.
  • Alcoholism.

Sunday, July 3, 2011

- Drugs interfering with woman sexual functioning.

Drugs interfering with woman sexual functioning.

"On batch"
Oral contraceptives.
Narcotics.

Barbiturates.
Benzodiazepine.

Antihypertensives.
Antipsychotics.
Antidepressants.
Antihistaminics.
Amphetamines.

Thiazide diuretics.
Cocaine.
Hallucinogens.

Dr Ibrahim

Wednesday, June 29, 2011

- Factors affecting women sexual response.

Factors affecting women sexual response.

"paid"
  • Pregnancy :- stress accompanying pregnancy affect sexual marital relationship.
  • Aging.
  • Illness either acute or chronic.
  • Infertility :- cause women to feel depressed and sexually undesirable.
  • Drugs which interferes with sexual functioning (click here) .

Dr Ibrahim

Monday, June 20, 2011

- Complications of reflux oesophagitis.

Complications of reflux oesophagitis.
"USA-IBM"

Peptic Ulcer.


Short esophagus due to spasm of longitudinal muscles.
Stricture of esophagusdue due to spasm of longitudinal muscles.


Aneamia.



Inhalation pneumonia from recurrent reflux.

Bleeding.
Barretts oesophagus.


Monilial invasion with further mucosal damage.
Malignancy.

Dr Ibrahim

Thursday, June 16, 2011

- Causes of acute oesophagitis.

Causes of acute oesophagitis.
"birds"
  • Burn (corrosive)
  • Infective(candidiasis,herpes virus)
  • Radiation
  • Drug induced (NSAIDs)
  • Specific diseases e.g. behcets syndrome.


Dr Ibrahim

Wednesday, April 27, 2011

- Placental diseases.

Placental diseases
A placenta disease is a condition where normal function of the placenta is impaired.

"Cinder" قطعة خشب محروقة 
Calcification.

Infection (syphilis and TB).
Infarction (PIH,DM,Lupus erythematosis).

Neoplasms.
Degeneration of placenta:following calcification and infarction.
Erytheroblastosis fetalis.
Retroplacental Heamatoma (abruption placenta).


Dr Ibrahim

Monday, August 9, 2010

-Local Complications of pneumonia.

Local Complications of pneumonia
"Idea"
Incomplete resolution and followed by bronchiectasis later on.
Delayed resolution.
Pleural Effusion,Empyema.
Lung Abscess,ARDS and respiratory failure.

Dr Ibrahim

Thursday, July 15, 2010

-Physiological loss of abdominal superficial reflexes.


Physiological Causes of loss of abdominal superficial reflexes:-
"Foams"

Faulty techniques.
Obesity.
Attentive patient,Ascites.
Multiparous.
Scar.

Dr Ibrahim Samaha

Thursday, July 1, 2010

-Variants(Types)of Scleroderma.

Variants(Types)of Scleroderma.
"Sold"
A)Systemic sclerosis without Scleroderma:-
i.e internal organ involvement without cutaneous scleroderma.
B)Overlap syndrome:-
scleroderma associated with other autoimmune disease.
C)localized scleroderma:-
scleroderma without internal organ involvement.
Charachterized by Morphoea which are local patches of scleroderma.
D)Limited scleroderma(CREST Syndrome):-
There is minimal visceral involvement, positive anticentromere antibodies and good prognosis.
Skin hardening is limited to face,feet and fingers.
(Calcinosis,Raynaud's phenomenon,Esophageal dysfunction,Sclerodactly,Telangectasia.)
E)Diffuse scleroderma:-
Diffuse thickening of trunk,proximal and distal limbs with internal organ development and damage so it is life threatening.

Dr Ibrahim

Saturday, June 12, 2010

-Drugs causing intrahepatic Cholestasis.


Drugs causing intrahepatic Cholestasis
"Cheap"
Contraceptive pills,Chlorpromazine.
Hypoglycemic drugs.
Erythromycin.
Anti-thyroid drugs,Anti-coagulants,Anabolic steroids.
PAS.

Dr Ibrahim

Thursday, June 10, 2010

-Poor prognosis of rheumatoid disease.

Poor prognosis of rheumatoid disease
"I'm fresh"

Insidious onset.
Male patient.

Functional disability at the 1st year after start of disease.
Radiographic evidence of erosion.
Extra-articular manifestations.
Subcutanous nodules.
High positive Rheumatoid factor.

Dr Ibrahim

Tuesday, June 8, 2010

-Complications of Tetralogy of fallot.

Complications of Tetralogy of fallot
"Inches"
Infective endocarditis,Low I.Q.
Neurological (e.g Brain abscess,cerebrovascular accidents)
Cyanotic spell,Clubbing.
Hematological(e.g polycythemia,IDA,Thrombosis).
Hyperuracemia and gout,Heart Failure (rare).
Exercise intolerance.
Squatting,scoliosis,Stunted growth.

Dr Ibrahim

Friday, June 4, 2010

-Drugs causing hepatitis.

Drugs causing hepatitis
"CMV Hard knife"
Cytotoxic drugs,Clonazepam.
Methyldopa.
Verapamil.

Halothane.
Atenolol.
Rifampicin.
Disulfiram.

Ketoconazole.
Nitrofurantoin,Niacin.
Isoniazid.
Fenofibrate.
Enalapril,Erythromycin.

Dr Ibrahim

Tuesday, June 1, 2010

-Treatment of Acute pancreatitis.


Treatment of Acute pancreatitis
"Snails"
Shock managment.
Nothing by mouth (put pancreas to rest).
Aspiration of gastric contents and Analgesics for pain.
Iv fluids and Calcuim.
Lavage of peritoneum in severe cases.
Somatostatin:- decrease pancreatic secretions.

Dr Ibrahim

Saturday, May 29, 2010

-Varieties of Diabetic neuropathy.


Varieties of Diabetic neuropathy
"Stamp"
Sensorimotor polyneuropathy.
Truncal neuropathy.
Autonomic neuropathy.
Mononeuropathy.
Proximal neuropathy (diabetic amyotrophy).

Dr Ibrahim

Saturday, May 8, 2010

-Iatrogenic endocrinal diseases.

Iatrogenic endocrinal diseases
"TV as Milk"
Thyroxin therapy lead to thyrotoxicosis.
Vit D lead to hypercalcaemia.

Amiodarone lead to thyroid dysfunction.
ACEIs lead to hypoaldosteronism.
Sympathomimetics lead to picture like thyrotoxicosis.
Steroid therapy lead to DM and cushing syndrome.

Metoclopramide lead to hyperprolactinaemia.
Iodide lead to hyperthyrodism.
Insulin and oral hypoglycemic lead to hypoglycemia.
Lithium lead to hypothyrodism.
Ketoconazole lead to hypoadrenalism.

Dr Ibrahim

Wednesday, May 5, 2010

-Psychic features of Hyperthyrodism.


Psychic features of Hyperthyrodism.
"Mania"
  • Mental disturbance.
  • Anxiety.
  • Nervousness.
  • Insomnia.
  • Agitation.
     
Dr Ibrahim

Sunday, April 25, 2010

- Protozoa with blind end in man.


Protozoa with blind end in man
"ANTS"

Acanthamoeba castellanii(brain cyst).
Naegleria fowleri (brain cyst).
Toxoplasma gondii (cysts in male patient).
Sarcocystis lindemanni ( mascular sarcocystosis).


Dr Ibrahim