Showing posts with label Collections. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Collections. Show all posts

Saturday, September 10, 2011

- Sher's grading of abruptio placentae.

Sher's grading of abruptio placentae.
(according to severity)
  1. Grade I (Retrospective) Not recognized clinically before delivery: small retroplacental Haematoma discovered on maternal surface of placenta after delivery, No APH.
  2. Grade II mild vaginal bleeding,uterine tenderness and tetany, No fetal distress, no maternal shock.
  3. Grade III Severe vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness and tetany, fetal distress then death, maternal shock, according to DIC:
                          IIIa:Without DIC
                          IIIb:With DIC
Dr Ibrahim
Return to list of medical grades (click here) 

Saturday, June 25, 2011

- Savary miller endoscopic grading of GORD.

 Savary miller endoscopic grading of GORD.

I-single erosive lesion.
II-multiple erosion lesion.
III-Circumferential erosion lesion.
IV-chronic lesions(ulcer,stricture,Short esophagus)
V-columnar epithelium (Barrett´s Epithelium).



Dr Ibrahim
Return to list of medical grades (click here) 

Friday, April 29, 2011

- Sperm Motility grading.

Sperm Motility grading.
Sperm Motility grading.
(Human sperm stained for semen quality testing in the clinical laboratory.)
  • Grade 1: sperm are immotile meaning that they fail to move at all.
  • Grade 2: sperm are labeled as non-progressive motility because they do not move forward despite the fact that they move their tails.
  • Grade 3: sperm (non-linear motility) also move forward but tend to travel in a curved or crooked motion.
  • Grade 4: sperm are known to have progressive motility meaning they are the strongest and swim fast in a straight line.

Ideal sperm quality dictates that a man should have grade 3 or 4 sperm in order to fertilize an egg.


 Dr Ibrahim
Return to list of medical grades (click here) 

Saturday, April 16, 2011

- Saint's triad.

Saint's triad.
It is a common association of:-
  1. Gall stones.
  2. Hiatal Hernia
  3. Diverticulosis coli.


Dr Ibrahim
Return to other triads here.

Tuesday, March 1, 2011

unhappy triad - O'Donoghue's triad

unhappy triad
or O'Donoghue's triad
or terrible triad

Twisting force in a weight bearing knee joint causes injury to;-
  1. Medial collateral ligament.
  2. Anterior cruciate ligament.
  3. Medial meniscus.
Dr Ibrahim
Return to other triads here.

Wednesday, February 23, 2011

- Anderson's triad.

Anderson's triad
The association of :-
  1. Cystic fibrosis
  2. Celiac disease 
  3. Vitamin A deficiency
Dr Ibrahim
 
Return to other triads here.

Tuesday, February 15, 2011

- Whipple's triad.

Whipple's triad
or 
Whipple's criteria

Suggest a patient's symptoms result from hypoglycemia:-

  1. Symptoms caused by hypoglycemia e.g. during fasting or exercise.
  2. A low plasma glucose measured at the time of the symptoms.
  3. Relief of symptoms with glucose administration.
     
    Dr Ibrahim
     
    Return to other triads here.

Friday, January 7, 2011

- Hutchinson’s Triad.

Hutchinson's triad

It is a common pattern of presentation for congenital syphilis.
It consists of :-
  1. Interstitial keratitis
  2. Hutchinson incisors
  3. Eighth nerve deafness.

Dr Ibrahim
Return to other triads here.

Saturday, January 1, 2011

- Compound fracture grading - Gustilo-Anderson grading.

Compound fracture grading 
Gustilo-Anderson grading.
- Grade I :- clean , less than 1cm wound , minimal soft tissue injury, simple or minimally comminuted fracture. 

Thursday, December 23, 2010

- Exploding head syndrome.

Exploding head syndrome
 
Def:- is a condition that causes the sufferer occasionally to experience a tremendously loud noise as originating from within his or her own head, usually described as the sound of an explosion, roar, gunshot, loud voices or screams, a ringing noise, or the sound of electrical arcing (buzzing).
This noise usually occurs within an hour or two of falling asleep, but is not necessarily the result of a dream and can happen while awake as well.

Causes:- 
The cause of the exploding head syndrome (EHS) is not known, but :
  • Some physicians have reported its correlation with stress, anxiety, and extreme fatigue.
  • It may be the result of a sudden movement of a middle ear component or of the eustachian tube. 
  • It may be the result of a form of minor seizure in the temporal lobe where the nerve cells for hearing are located.

Sunday, December 12, 2010

- Renal trauma grading scale.

Basically we can divide renal trauma into five grades.
The grades I , II and III are classified as minor traumas, and the grades IV,V as major :-
  • Grade I: contusion or subcapsular hematoma, without parenchymal laceration.
  • Grade II: superficial cortical laceration less than 1 cm deep.
  • Grade III: deep cortical laceration extending more than 1 cm.
  • Grade IV:
    1. corticomedullary laceration with collecting system injury and urinary extravasation. 
    2.  vascular injury:- laceration or thrombosis of a segmental artery.
  • Grade V:
    1. Multiple deep lacerations.
    2. Thrombosis of the main renal artery.
    3. Avulsion of renal hilum which devascularizes kidney.

Wednesday, August 25, 2010

- Otitis Externa table.

Otitis Externa table.
This is a table for comparison between different types of Otitis Externa.

First what is Otitis Externa?
Simply it is It is Inflammation of the skin of the external auditory canal.

To download the table from MediaFire Click here size 20KB

In the table there is a comparison between
  • Furunclosis( Localized otitis externa )
  • Diffuse otitis externa
  • Necrotizing otitis externa (Malignant otitis externa)
  • Otomycosis
  • Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsey- Hunt syndrome)
As regard:-
  • Definition
  • Aetilogy
  • Predisposing Factors
  • Clinical picture
  • Treatment
You can print the table on large papers (A3 papers)

Good luck,
Dr Ibrahim

Thursday, March 25, 2010

-Guillain Barré syndrome.

Guillain Barré syndrome

Aetiology(theories):-

  • Postinfection:50% of cases have preceding respiratory or GIT viral infection.
  • Post vaccination:following vaccination against swine flu virus.
  • Lymphoma.
  • Autoimmune theory.
Clinical Picture:-
1-Initial febrile illness.
2-Motor affection:-

  • Bilateral symmetrical ascending affection of both lower limbs,trunk,upper limbs,Bulbar muscles,facial muscles then diphragm and respiratory muscles.
  • The Affection is proximal more than distal in adult.
  • The Affection is proximal more than distal in infant and childrens.
  • Weakness is associated with hypotonia and areflexia.

Wednesday, March 24, 2010

-Lambert-Eaton syndrome.


Lambert-Eaton syndrome
or
Myasthenic-myopayhic syndrome.

*Pathophysiology:-

  • a myasthenic syndrome due to autoimmune orocess targeting the mechanism of releasing A.CH from nerve terminals.
  • It often associated with bronchogenic carcinoma or other malignancies.
*Clinical picture:-
Proximal weakness,wasting and fatigue but with less common ocular and bulbar affection than Myasthenia.

*Diagnosis:-

  • EMG:- shows paradoxical increase  in successive muscle contractions.
  • No significant response to prostigmine,but respond to guanidine HCL 20 mg/Kg/day or prednisolone+imuran.
  • No acetylecholine receptor antibodies.
  • CXR to determine if associated with bronchogenic carcinoma or not.
*Treatment:-
  • Treatment of the underlying neoplasm.
  • Plasmapheresis.
  • Immunosuppression.

Dr Ibrahim

Return to list of medical syndromes here

Wednesday, March 17, 2010

-Vircow's triad.


Vircow's triad is the aetiology of thrombosis which is composed of :-

1-Damage of vascular endothelium(Vascular trauma):-
this damage expose the endothelial collagen which is rough surface to which platelets can stick firmly and release thromboxane A2 that help more platelet aggregation.

2-Slowing(Reduced)in the blood flow (stasis):-
these changes help thrombosis by allowing the platelets to deviate from the axial stream and cross the peripheral plasmatic zone to stick to the vascular endothelium.

3-Change in blood composition(Increased coagulability ):-
a-Increase number of blood elements.
-Increase platelets so become more sticky and agglutinate in small masses and adhere to vascular endothelium.
-Increase WBCs and RBCs increase viscosity of blood and stasis.
b-Biochemical changes that cause systemic activation of the cloting system.

"VIR chow"

Vascular trauma
Increased coagulability
Reduced blood flow (stasis)

Dr Ibrahim

Return to other triads here.

Friday, January 22, 2010

- Grades in medicine.

Grades in medicine 

In many branches of medicine we meet what is called "grades" this grades were put to classify certain conditions. Here I will put the grades what i had found as they meet me in books in simple way......... so you can share us.
Dr Ibrahim

Friday, October 23, 2009

- Medical syndromes.

Medical syndrome is defined as :-
A group of symptoms and signs that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, psychological disorder, or other abnormal condition.
There are a lot of medical syndromes and we try to list some of them:-
1-Down syndrome (click here).
2-Plummer-Vinson syndrome (click here).
3-Ramsay Hunt syndrome (click here).
4-Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (click here).
5-Cri-du-chat syndrome (click here).
6-YY syndrome (click here).
7-Klinefelter's syndrome (click here).
8-Turner's syndrome (click here).
9- Fanconi syndrome (click here).
10-Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome (click here) .
11-Light Wood-Albright syndrome(Lightwood syndrome)(click here).
12-Oculo-cerebro-renal Syndrome (click here).
13-Metabolic syndrome (click here).
14-Pickwickian syndrome (click here).
15- Kallmann syndrome (click here).
16-Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (click here).
17-Lambert-Eaton syndrome (click here).
18-Guillain Barré syndrome (click here).
19-Horner's syndrome (click here).
20-Brown-Séquard syndrome. (click here).
21-Carpal tunnel syndrome. (click here).
22-Sjögren's syndrome (click here).
23-Felty's syndrome (click here).
24-Caplan's syndrome (click here).
25-Congenital Rubella Syndrome  (click here).
26-Caroli's syndrome.  (click here).
27-Malabsorption syndrome.  (click here).
28-Duhin-Johnson syndrome.  (click here).
29-Exploding head syndrome. (click here). 
If you have other syndromes plz tell us...
Dr Ibrahim,,

Monday, June 22, 2009

-Triads in medicine.

There are many things in medicine
collected as triads....
  1. Ecological triad ...look here.
  2. Malarial triad...look here.
  3. Beck's triad...look here.
  4. Gradenigo's triad...look here.
  5. Trotter's triad...look here.
  6. Cushing's triad..look here.
  7. classic triad of Henoch–Schönlein purpura...look here.
  8. Virchow's triad....look here.
  9. Charcot's triad.look here.
  10. Atta's triad.look here.
  11. Hutchinson's triad.look here.
  12. Saint's triad.look here.
  13. Whipple's triad.look here.
  14. Anderson's triad.look here.
  15. O'Donoghue's triad.look here.

wait the other triads...

or you can tell us another triad.

Sunday, February 15, 2009

-Three in human ear.

There are...

- 3 parts of the human ear:-

  1. External ear.
  2. Middle ear.
  3. Inner ear.
- 3 parts of the External ear:-
  1. auricle (pinna).
  2. external auditory meatus.
  3. Tympanic membrane.
- 3 layers in tympanic membrane:-
  1. Outter skin layer.
  2. middle fibrous layer.
  3. inner mucosal layer.
- 3 cranial nerves innervate the tympanic membrane:-
  1. C.N. V (trigeminal).
  2. C.N. IX(glossopharyngeal).
  3. C.N. X (Vagus).
 -3 Parts of middle ear:-
  1. Tympanic cavity.
  2. Eustachian tube.
  3. Mastoid air cells.
- 3 parts of the tympanic cavity:-
  1. epi-tympanum.
  2. meso-tympanum.
  3. hypo-tympanum.
- 3 middle ear bones (auditory ossicles):-
  1. malleus.
  2. incus.
  3. stapes.
- 3 parts of the malleus:-
  1. Head.
  2. lateral process.
  3. handle.
- 3 parts of labyrinth:-
  1. Bony cochlea.
  2. 3 semicircular canals.
  3. Vestibule.
- 3 semicircular canals :
  1. Posterior.
  2. lateral.
  3. superior.
- 3 compartments of cavity of bony cochlea :-
  1. scala vestibuli: Upper compartment.
  2. scala media (cochlear duct):middle compartment.
  3. scala tympani: lower compartment.
- 3 membranes in cochlear duct:-
  1. vestibular.
  2. Tectorial.
  3. Basilar .
- 3 labyrnthine sensory end organs:-
  1. Of cochlea..called organ of corti.
  2. of s c c....called crista.
  3. of utricle and saccule..called macula.

Enjoy it,,,,,
Dr Ibrahim...