- TNM Staging of Renal cell carcinoma (illustrated).

TNM Staging of Renal cell carcinoma.

Primary tumor (T):-

T0: No evidence of primary tumor
T1: Tumor 7 cm or less in the largest dimension, Tumor is confined to the kidney (i.e no penetration through the capsule).

T2: Tumor greater than 7 cm in the largest dimension, Tumor is confined to the kidney (i.e no penetration through the capsule).

T3a: Tumor penetrates through the kidney capsule into the surrounding fat or the adrenal gland, but not through Gerota's fascia. 

T3b: Tumor extends into renal vein(s) or vena cava below diaphragm.

T3c: Tumor extends into vena cava above diaphragm.

T4: Tumor invades beyond Gerota's fascia.

N - Regional lymph nodes

N0: No regional lymph node metastasis
N1: Metastasis in a single regional lymph node
N2: Metastasis in more than one regional lymph node

M - Distant metastasis

M0: No distant metastasis
M1: Distant metastasis 

Dr Ibrahim Samaha. 

Source of Pics:-UCLA Health System