A- from skull :
- dimensions:-
-eg , at full term
- circumference =13 inches
- length =5 inches
- width = 4 inches
- fontanelles closure :-
- Anterior fontanelle close at 2 years.
- posterior fontanelle close at 9 months (full term).
B- from union of the epiphysis:
- Sex has to be taken into account as;bone development and epiphyseal
fusion is different between the sexes.
- The pattern of fusion of bone ends (epiphysis) to bone shaft (metaphysis) in each bone indicates age.
C- from ossific centers of the bones.
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5•RACE DETERMINATION:- The skull is the only reliable bone.
- Caucasian (all whites)
- Negro (all blacks - African, American, Negroes and West Indians)
- Mongoloid (Chinese, Japanese, American Indians)
- Thus skulls of British, Germans, French or
Swedes cannot be distinguished from one another.
- Similarly Japanese skulls are similar to Chinese skulls.
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